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1.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(3): 345-351, jul.-sep. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410003

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La pandemia de la COVID-19 cambió el patrón de asistencia de los pacientes a los centros de salud. Se describen los cambios comparativos en la asistencia de pacientes pediátricos que acudieron al servicio de Emergencia del Hospital de emergencias Pediátricas de Lima, Perú, entre las semanas epidemiológicas 10 a 48 del 2019 y 2020. Se analizaron datos sociodemográficos, condición del paciente, tipo de seguro y diagnóstico agrupado según código CIE-10. Se encontró una reducción del 48,2% en el número de atenciones en el 2020 con respecto al 2019 y un aumento de cinco veces el número de atenciones procedentes de localidades diferentes de Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, se encontró un aumento del 27% en la probabilidad del diagnóstico de «enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias¼ y una disminución del 61% en la probabilidad de diagnóstico de «enfermedades del sistema respiratorio¼.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic changed the pattern of patient attendance at healthcare facilities. We describe the comparative changes in the attendance of pediatric patients at the Emergency Department of the Pediatric Emergency Hospital of Lima, Peru, between epidemiological weeks 10 to 48 of 2019 and 2020. Sociodemographic data, patient condition, type of insurance and diagnosis grouped according to ICD-10 code were analyzed. We found a 48.2% reduction in the number of visits in 2020 when compared to 2019, and a five-fold increase in the number of visits from localities other than Metropolitan Lima. Likewise, the probability of diagnosis of "infectious and parasitic diseases" increased by 27% and the probability of diagnosis of "diseases of the respiratory system" decreased by 61%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Delivery of Health Care , Emergency Service, Hospital , COVID-19 , Patients , Pediatrics , Pandemics , Ambulatory Care
2.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 51(2): 89-98, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394978

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen pocos estudios que examinen los factores asociados con los distintos niveles ansiedad por la salud en los estudiantes de Medicina. El objetivo es determinar los factores asociados con los niveles de ansiedad por la salud en estudiantes de Medicina en el ario 2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con 657 estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad privada peruana. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario donde se recopiló la información respecto a los niveles de ansiedad por la salud (SHAI). Para el análisis se empleó la regresión lineal para calcular los betas, brutos y ajustados, y sus intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: El promedio de la puntuación de ansiedad por la salud fue de 14 ± 6,7. Se reporta una asociación entre la ansiedad por la salud y el año de estudio, y el segundo año es el que revela puntuaciones más altas. Además, pone de manifiesto la asociación entre la ansiedad por la salud y el consumo de tabaco, pues hay niveles más altos en los fumadores ocasionales, así como una débil correlación inversa con la edad. No se revela asociación con el sexo, el lugar de nacimiento, tener un familiar de primer grado médico o un familiar de primer grado personal saiario. Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidenció que la edad, el año de estudios y el consumo de tabaco se asocian con los niveles de ansiedad por la salud. Se requieren más estudios, especialmente de naturaleza longitudinal.


ABSTRACT Introduction: There are few studies that examine the factors associated with the different levels of health anxiety in medical students. The objective was to determine the factors associated with the levels of health anxiety in medical students in 2018. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with 657 medical students from a private Peruvian university. Participants answered a questionnaire from which information was collected regarding levels of health anxiety (SHAI). For the analysis, linear regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted betas, and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: The mean health anxiety score was 14 ± 6.7. An association between health anxiety and the year of study is reported, with the second year showing the highest scores. In addition, an association between health anxiety and smoking is highlighted, as there are higher levels in occasional smokers, as well as a weak inverse correlation with age. No association was found with sex, place of birth, or having a first-degree relative that is a doctor or health worker. Conclusions: The present study showed that age, year of studies and smoking are associated with health anxiety levels. More studies are required, especially of a longitudinal nature.

3.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(2): 143-151, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395049

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo de ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) o mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital de Puno, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en adultos hospitalizados entre abril y diciembre del 2020. Se evaluaron características sociodemográficas, funciones vitales, comorbilidades, tratamiento recibido y su asociación con el ingreso a UCI o mortalidad (desenlace adverso). Se utilizó regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para calcular riesgos relativos (RR) crudos y ajustados con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Se analizaron 348 historias clínicas. La mediana de edad en años fue 42,5 (RIC: 30,0; 58,0); el 38,2% fueron varones, y el 35,3% falleció o ingresó a UCI. Los que ingresaron con una saturación de oxígeno ≤ 75%, tuvieron 2,79 veces la probabilidad de tener el desenlace adverso (p < 0,001), en comparación con los que ingresaron con una saturación ≥ 85%; los que ingresaron con un valor entre 75-79% tuvieron 2,92 veces la probabilidad de tener el desenlace adverso (p < 0,001); asimismo, los que ingresaron con saturación entre 80-84% tuvieron 1,70 veces la probabilidad de presentar el desenlace adverso; sin embargo la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,066). Además, hubo mayor riesgo de desenlace adverso en pacientes de sexo masculino RR= 1,75 (p<0,001), edad > 40 años RR 3,5 (p=0,001), taquipnea RR=1,66 (p=0,010), o con diabetes, RR = 1,53 (p=0,011). Conclusiones . Los factores de riesgo para ingresar a UCI o mortalidad por COVID-19 fueron el sexo masculino, edad mayor de 40 años, saturación baja, diabetes y taquipnea.


ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the risk factors for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a hospital in Puno, Peru. Materials and methods. Retrospective cohort study in adults hospitalized between April and December 2020. We evaluated Sociodemographic characteristics, vital functions, comorbidities, treatment received and its association with admission to ICU or mortality (adverse outcome). Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results. A total of 348 medical records were analyzed. The median age in years was 42.5 (IQR: 30.0; 58.0); 38.2% were male, and 35.3% died or were admitted to the ICU. Those admitted with an oxygen saturation ≤ 75% were 2.79 times more likely to have the adverse outcome (p < 0.001), compared to those admitted with a saturation ≥ 85%; those admitted with a value between 75-79% were 2.92 times more likely to have the adverse outcome (p < 0.001); likewise, those admitted with saturation between 80-84% were 1.70 times more likely to have the adverse outcome; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.066). In addition, male patients, RR= 1.75 (p<0.001); those aged > 40 years, RR 3.5 (p=0.001); those with tachypnea, RR=1.66 (p=0.010); or with diabetes, RR = 1.53 (p=0.011) had higher risk of presenting the adverse outcome. Conclusions. The risk factors for ICU admission or mortality due to COVID-19 were male sex, age over 40 years, low saturation, diabetes and tachypnea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Mortality , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units , Oximetry , Altitude , Oxygen Saturation
4.
Rev. bras. psiquiatr ; 39(4): 316-322, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899389

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the association between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and depressive symptoms in adolescents from a school in Lima, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed through a census of 875 high-school students, aged 13 to 17 years, from a school in Lima. Participants completed a survey containing the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data regarding demographics, alcohol and tobacco use, self-esteem, and family history of depression were also obtained. To identify associated factors, Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Of the 875 adolescents, 55.8% were male. The mean age was 14.1±1.5 years. Depressive symptoms were observed in 19.9% of participants. An association between BID and depressive symptoms was found. Alcohol and tobacco use were also associated with the outcome of interest. Conclusions: Teens who had BID were 3.7 times more likely to report depressive symptoms. Additionally, those who used tobacco or alcohol were 1.5 and 1.4 times more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively. Further studies targeting other populations and using longitudinal designs are recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Students/statistics & numerical data , Body Image/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Peru/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Use/psychology , Tobacco Use/epidemiology
5.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 24: e2750, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960924

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to determine the risk factors for premature birth. Methods: retrospective case-control study of 600 pregnant women assisted in a hospital, with 298 pregnant women in the case group (who gave birth prematurely <37 weeks) and 302 pregnant women who gave birth to a full-term newborn in the control group. Stata software version 12.2 was used. The Chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis, from which Odds Ratios (OR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) of 95% were derived. Results: risk factors associated with premature birth were current twin pregnancy (adjusted OR= 2.4; p= 0.02), inadequate prenatal care (< 6 controls) (adjusted OR= 3.2; p <0.001), absent prenatal care (adjusted OR= 3.0; p <0.001), history of premature birth (adjusted OR= 3.7; p <0.001) and preeclampsia (adjusted OR= 1.9; p= 0.005). Conclusion: history of premature birth, preeclampsia, not receiving prenatal care and receiving inadequate prenatal care were risk factors for premature birth.


Resumo Objetivo: determinar os fatores de risco para parto prematuro. Métodos: estudo caso-controle retrospectivo com 600 gestantes atendidas em um hospital, sendo 298 gestantes no grupo de casos (que tiveram um recém-nascido de parto prematuro<37 semanas) e 302 gestantes que tiveram um recém-nascido sem parto prematuro como grupo controle. Foi utilizado o programa estatístico Stata versão 12.2. Na análise bivariada foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado (X2) e para a análise das variáveis múltiplas foi utilizada a regressão logística, de onde derivaram as Odds Ratio (OR) e os Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: os fatores de risco associados com o parto prematuro foram gravidez atual gemelar (OR ajustada= 2,4; p= 0,02), controle pré-natal inadequado (< 6 controles) (OR ajustada= 3,2; p <0,001), controle pré-natal ausente (OR ajustada= 3,0; p <0,001), antecedente de parto prematuro (OR ajustada= 3,7; p <0,001) e pré-eclâmpsia (OR ajustada= 1,9; p= 0,005). Conclusão: antecedente de parto prematuro, pré-eclâmpsia, não ter qualquer controle pré-natal e ter controle pré-natal inadequado foram os fatores de risco para o nascimento prematuro.


Resumen Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo de parto pretérmino. Métodos: estudio caso-control retrospectivo en 600 gestantes atendidas en un hospital, con 298 gestantes en el grupo de los casos (que tuvieron un recién nacido con parto pretérmino<37 semanas) y en los controles 302 gestantes que tuvieron un recién nacido sin parto pretérmino. Se aplicó el programa estadístico Stata versión 12.2. En el análisis bivariado, se utilizó la prueba chi2 y para el análisis de variables múltiples, se utilizó la regresión logística, de donde se derivaron los Odds Ratio (OR) e Intervalos de Confianza (IC) al 95%. Resultados: los factores de riesgo relacionados con el parto pretérmino fueron el embarazo gemelar actual (OR ajustado= 2,4; p= 0,02), control prenatal insuficiente (< 6 controles) (OR ajustado= 3,2; p <0,001), control prenatal nulo (OR ajustado= 3,0; p <0,001), antecedente de parto pretérmino (OR ajustado= 3,7; p <0,001) y preeclampsia (OR ajustado= 1,9; p= 0,005). Conclusión: el antecedente de parto pretérmino, la preeclampsia, el no tener ningún control prenatal y haber tenido un control prenatal insuficiente fueron factores de riesgo para el nacimiento pretérmino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Hospitals
8.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 31(4): 669-675, oct.-dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-733247

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. El estudio evaluó la asociación entre haber sido víctima de violencia física en la niñez y la aceptabilidad, en etapas posteriores de vida, hacia el uso del castigo físico en la crianza de los niños. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario de un estudio sobre violencia en 6399 personas mayores de 14 años residentes de las ciudades de Lima, Callao, Maynas, Arequipa, Cusco, Trujillo y Huamanga. Se usó modelos de regresión logística univariados y multivariados para estimar asociaciones estadísticas. Resultados. La aceptabilidad del uso del castigo físico en la crianza de niños es mayor en personas con el antecedente de ser víctimas de violencia física durante la niñez en comparación con las no victimizadas (OR=1,8; IC 95%: 1,5-2,1; p<0,001) ajustando por potenciales variables de confusión. Conclusiones. Las personas expuestas a violencia física durante la niñez tienen más riesgo de aceptar o justificar la misma durante la adultez, lo que podría contribuir a mantener esta práctica de crianza de una generación a la siguiente. Iniciativas dirigidas a prevenir el uso del castigo físico en la crianza de niños se deben implementar para reducir la tendencia a reproducir el ejercicio de violencia en personas victimizadas.


Objectives. This study evaluated the association between having been a victim of physical violence during childhood and the acceptability, in later life, towards the use of physical punishment in child rearing. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis was conducted of a study on violence in 6,399 people over 14 years of age living in the cities of Lima, Callao, Maynas, Arequipa, Cusco, Trujillo and Huamanga. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate statistical associations. Results. The acceptability of the use of physical punishment in child rearing is higher in people who were victims of physical abuse during childhood compared with non-victimized people (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5-2 1; p <0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions. People exposed to physical violence during childhood are more likely to accept or justify violence in adulthood, which could help maintain this child rearing practice from one generation to the next. Initiatives aimed at preventing the use of physical punishment in child rearing should be implemented to reduce the tendency to reproduce the action of violence by victimized people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Punishment , Child Abuse , Violence , Peru
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